Industrial Chemical

Formaldehyde is a simple chemical compound made of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. All life forms – bacteria, plants, fish, animals and humans – naturally produce formaldehyde as part of cell metabolism.

Formaldehyde is perhaps best known for its preservative and anti-bacterial properties, but formaldehyde-based chemistry is used to make a wide range of value-added products.

DAP is used as a fertilizer.^[4] When applied as plant food, it temporarily increases the soil pH, but over a long term the treated ground becomes more acidic than before upon nitrification of the ammonium. It is incompatible with alkaline chemicals because its ammonium ion is more likely to convert to ammonia in a high-pH environment. The average pH in solution is 7.5–8.^[5] The typical formulation is 18-46-0 (18% N, 46% P₂O₅, 0% K₂O).^[5]

DAP can be used as a fire retardant. It lowers the combustion temperature of the material, decreases maximum weight loss rates, and causes an increase in the production of residue or char.^[6] These are important effects in fighting wildfires as lowering the pyrolysis temperature and increasing the amount of char formed reduces that amount of available fuel and can lead to the formation of a firebreak. It is the largest component of some popular commercial firefighting products.^[7]

DAP is also used as a yeast nutrient in winemaking and mead-making; as an additive in some br

Vinylsulfonic acid is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH₂=CHSO₃H. It is the simplest unsaturated sulfonic acid.^[2][3] The C=C double bond is a site of high reactivity. polymerize gives polyvinylsulfonic acid, especially when used as a comonomer with functionalized vinyl^[4] and (meth)acrylic acid compounds.^[5] It is a colorless, water-soluble liquid,^[2] although commercial samples can appear yellow or even red.
The activated C=C double bond of vinylsulfonic acid reacts readily with nucleophiles in an addition reaction. 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid is formed with ammonia and 2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid with methylamine.^[8]
Vinylsulfonic acid is the monomer in the preparation of highly acidic or anionic homopolymers and copolymers. These polymers are used in the electronic industry as photoresists, as ion-conductive polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) for fuel cells. For example, transparent membranes with high ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity can be produced from polyvinylsulfonic acid.